英文解釋名詞

英文解釋名詞
請利用這個地方, 將已知的英文名詞解釋加進來, 可利用comment方式加, 我們會將提供的名詞一直加進來...表現佳者加0.5 至3分..

solar spectral irradiance-- 太陽幅射能譜, 每單位波長的太陽幅射能量強度, 單位為 w/m2-micrometer.

albedo--太陽短波幅射經由地表, 雲及空氣分子反射至外太空的反射率, 全球平均反射率為0.3

黃日輝 said...臭氧洞Ozone hole：定義：並不是指大氣中有一個破洞，也不是指臭氧洞中一點臭氧都沒有，而是指大氣中臭氧總量減少到200個道布森單位（Dobson Units）以下，才稱為出現了臭氧洞。另一簡單定義為臭氧量減少達50％即視為臭氧洞。

11:01 PM 黃日輝 said...光分解的量子產率 Quantum yield（Φ，Ｙ）：又稱量子產額，為光化學反應的重要基本量之一。 光分解的量子產率一般用φ表示，如下所示：φ ＝進行光分解的激發態原子數 ／ 吸收光子數(或激發態原子數)

黃日輝 提到...碳氫化合物(非甲烷) Hydrocarbon (Non-methane) (NMHC)在正常大氣條件下，大都以氣態存在，為產生臭氧和其他光化學空氣污染物的前驅物質。 NMHC有甲烷的烷類, 稀類, 炔類, 芳香族, 醛類, 酮類等7:05 AM

黃日輝 提到...氮氧化物NOX = NO + NO2 反應性氮氧化物NOY (HNO3 , HONO, NO3, N2O5, HNO4, PAN and other organic nitrates, etc.)The NOY includes NOX11:01 PM Post a Comment

Dobson unit--Dobson:大氣層空氣柱中(地表往上約60公里)的O3, 被壓縮成O3分壓為1大氣壓273K下的空氣柱厚度為0.01mm時，O3的總量稱為 1個Dobson。一般來說大氣層的O3的平均空氣柱積分總量約為300 Dobson。A dobson unit is the most basic measure used in ozone research. The unit is named after G.M.B. Dobson, one of the first scientists to investigate atmospheric ozone (~1920 - 1960). He designed the 'Dobson Spectrometer' - the standard instrument used to measure ozone from the ground. The Dobson spectrometer measures the intensity of solar UV radiation at four wavelengths, two of which are absorbed by ozone and two of which are not.The illustration above shows a column of air, 10 deg x 5 deg, over Labrador, Canada. The amount of ozone in this column (i.e. covering the 10 x 5 deg area) is conveniently measured in Dobson Units.If all the ozone in this column were to be compressed to stp (0 deg C and 1 atmosphere pressure) and spread out evenly over the area, it would form a slab approximately 3mm thick.1 Dobson Unit (DU) is defined to be 0.01 mm thickness at stp; the ozone layer over Labrador then is ~300 DU.--蔡春進cjtsai@mail.nctu.edu.twhttp://www.nctu.edu.tw/~cjtsai
posted by CJ Tsai at 4:13 AM 0 comments links to this post

psc
張超鈞:PSCs：Polar Stratospheric Clouds 極地同溫層雲冰晶上的表面異相反應將增加臭氧(ozone)的消耗。極地的同溫層雖然乾燥，但是因為低溫很低會使水蒸汽凝結成為冰晶，形成極地同溫層雲(PSCs)。南極地區比北極溫度低，極地旋渦會比在北極來得穩定，較易形成PSCs。 而PSCs被區分為兩類型，亦即所謂的Type I與Type II。Type I分為Type Ia與Type Ib.Type Ia組成為HNO3．3H20(NAT), 溫度~190-195 KType Ib組成為HNO3/H2SO4/H2O, 溫度~190-195 KType II PSCs為極低溫直接由水結成之冰晶，組成為H2O ice, 溫度~188-190 KPSCs表面上的異相反應使得活性低的氯暫存物種變成活性的氯氣，Cl2經過光分解後形成破壞臭氧的氯原子，致使臭氧洞(ozone hole)產生，其反應機制如下: HCl(s)+ClONO2 ---> Cl2+HNO3(s)Cl2+hν ---> 2 Cl2【Cl+O3 ---> ClO+O2】ClO+NO2+M ---> ClONO2+MNet:HCl(s)+NO2+2O2 ---> ClO+HNO3(s)+2O2南極PSCs較易形成，較容易產生臭氧洞。Polar stratospheric clouds(PSCs)are important components of the ozone depletion process in the polar regions of Antarctica and the Arctic. PSCs provide the surfaces upon which chemical reactions involved in ozone destruction take place. These reactions lead to the production of free chlorine and bromine, released from CFCs and other ozone depleting chemicals(ODCs), which directly destroy ozone molecules.Polar stratospheric clouds(PSCs), also known as mother-of-pearl or nacreous clouds, have been observed for many years. As their name suggests, the clouds form in cold polar stratospheric winters where, despite the dryness of the stratosphere, the temperature drops low enough for condensation to occur. PSCs are believed to be made of nitric acid and ice. In other parts of the world the stratosphere is too warm for these clouds to form, which is one reason why the "ozone hole" is confined to the Antarctic region.Atmosphere, Climate & Environment Good Website：http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Ozone_Depletion/Older/PSCs.htmlhttp://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Ozone_Depletion/ozone_depletion.html5:45 AM
posted by CJ Tsai at 4:11 AM 0 comments links to this post